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When applying for a mortgage, one of the most pressing decisions a borrower must make is with respect to the interest rate. Should you lock into a fixed rate? Should you take a chance on a variable rate? These are important questions that need answers so that the homeowner doesn’t find themselves saddled with a mortgage they can’t afford because the rate increased.

Knowing what can cause the interest rate to change can help you make the right decision. This knowledge can help you predict how the interest rate might fluctuate over the duration of your mortgage, and ultimately, prepare for any changes.

The Health of the Market

It’s normal for interest rates to increase when a market cools down. This gives buyers less money to purchase a home with and can lead to housing prices dropping as sellers look to unload their properties.

The housing market is directly tied to interest rates so be sure to understand the state of the market. Whether it is prosperous or struggling should inform your mortgage terms.

The Bank of Canada 

The Bank of Canada influences interest rates as part of their overall economic and monetary strategies. This institution can dictate rates, including the overnight rate for banks, and can impact the Canadian exchange rate.

Owned by the Federal Government, The Bank of Canada is tasked with ensuring the financial welfare of the Canadian economy. What’s important for homebuyers to know is that The Bank of Canada takes the approach of steady growth and to avoid jarring interest rate fluctuations.

Provincial and National Economy

As mentioned, interest rates play off the supply and demand of the housing market. When demand is high, lenders want to charge more to borrowers to capitalize. When demand is low, lenders want to charge less to spark business.

Economic conditions fluctuate interest rates making the Provincial and Federal Government the biggest factor in determining the interest rate. The Government will act in accordance with the state of the economy and pursue stimulating it or cooling it through raising or lowering the interest rate, which will trickle down to borrowers.

The more borrowers understand the nature of interest rates, the more likely they are to make the right decision with respect to choosing the mortgage terms that work for them.

Applying for a mortgage loan is a thorough process that requires an in-depth financial audit. After choosing a lender, borrowers should get their application in order and the best way to do it is by using a checklist.

A succinct checklist can help you procure and organize all the different documents you will need to get. This will help your application avoid rejection due to missing information.

Here’s a checklist you can use for an upcoming loan application:

Employment Documents

You will need to submit a recent pay stub or pay stubs. All employment documents should be written and signed by your boss or the human resources department. It must be within 30 days of your application submission and detail your position, seniority, salary, hourly rate, average number of weekly hours and whether you’re a full or part-time employee.

Seasonal and part-time employees might need additional documents to verify their income.

Property Documents

You will require the following with respect to the property you want to buy:

• The mailing address of the property
• Proof of down payment
• Signed mortgage agreement
• Sales contract outlining the offer
• Listing and legal description
• For condo purchases, you will need a declaration, condo fees, and all documents pertaining to the health of the property
• Lawyer’s contact information

Asset and Liability Ledger

You will need to provide the lender with all your financial information. Your bank should be able to issue these documents and most people can access it via their online banking account.

You will need to provide a list of your assets and their value, and a list of your liabilities including total amount and repayment terms.

For your ease, here’s a checklist you can copy and paste and use as you prepare your application. Remember, variables exist depending on the lender, your financials and the loan amount. In addition, the lender can request additional documents.

Checklist:

• Personal information (full name, date of birth, SIN, contact info marital status, dependents, current address)
• Pay Stubs
• Letter of Employment
• Mortgage Pre-approval (if applicable)
• Bank statements
• Value of RRSPs
• Banking info
• List of assets
• List of liabilities
• Credit score
• The mailing address of the property
• Proof of down payment
• Signed mortgage agreement
• Sales contract outlining the offer
• Listing and legal description
• For condo purchases, you will need a declaration, condo fees, and all documents pertaining to the health of the property
• Lawyer’s contact information

Closing costs are the fees associated with buying a property and are required to close the transaction. Closing costs can include appraisal fees, title insurance, legal fees, taxes, commissions, pre-paid property tax, mortgage insurance, and can even extend to moving expenses and certain upgrades or repairs to the new property.

Buyers need to prepare for these one-time expenses and make sure their budgets reflect more than just the upfront costs.

Let’s take a closer look at the closing costs to help you estimate what you should put aside so that you can mitigate any surprises.

Planning for Closing Costs

You’re always better overestimating what you will need to pay in closing costs. The best advice is to budget around 4% of the purchase price of the property to pay for all the associated closing costs. This number could increase or decrease depending on the size of the home, location, level of legal requirements, among other variables.

Closing Cost Breakdown

Appraisal fee: This fee covers the services provided by the appraiser to assess the market value of the proposed property.

Title Insurance: This type of insurance is mandatory and protects against any fraud or issues with the title of the property.

Lawyer Fees: You will need to contact a lawyer. The fees charged will consist of a title search, prepare the mortgage, drafting the deed. There could be other fees that are specific to your purchase. Typically, lawyer fees for the average home is a minimum of $500 plus taxes.

Utility Adjustments: Prior to closing, the buyer is responsible to reimburse the seller for any prepaid utility charges, or to cover any adjustments. Your lawyer will advise you of these costs.

Mortgage Insurance: This is sometimes not associated with closing costs but it is too often left off budgets. Based on the amount you’re borrowing and your down payment, you might have to insure your mortgage. This can cover the lender in the event of job loss, disability or death.

When calculating your budget for purchasing your next home, make sure to include all closing fees. Even overestimate certain expense like lawyer fees just in case costs come in higher due to unforeseen circumstances.

When the mortgage rate shifts even the slightest, the shockwave can reverberate throughout the housing market. There is also a potential ripple effect that can impact the job market and the provincial and national economy. Don’t treat mortgage rates as some boogeyman lurking in the closet waiting to scare you. The best advice is to understand what determines mortgage rates so you can forecast, predict and plan with greater ease and assurance.

Let’s review the factors that determine the mortgage rate to make sure you are prepared for whatever is going to happen next.

Economy

A common misconception is that The Bank of Canada sets the mortgage rates. As one of the nation’s most influential institutions, The Bank of Canada determines the overnight rate. Banks use the overnight rate to set their prime lending rate. The Bank of Canada helps stimulate the economy or deal with inflation, both of which could determine mortgage rates.

Since the Bank of Canada is tasked with safeguarding the Canadian economy and providing the overnight rate, the economy plays a distinct role in determining mortgage rates even if it’s at a very high-level.

Purchase Details

The down payment, the location of the property, the price of the property and the loan amount will all factor into determining your mortgage rate. A lender must review the details of the purchase to calculate which rate would apply to your loan. One example of this is that a higher down payment could result in a lower interest rate because a lender sees the loan as less risky.

Credit Score 

Certain factors that determine your personal mortgage rate are out of your hands. Your credit score, though, is a way for borrowers to exercise some control over how much interest they pay on their mortgage. This is based on your history of accruing and repaying debt and tells lenders how much risk is involved with a mortgage application.

A positive credit score means you could possibly receive a lower mortgage rate. A poor credit score means you might have to pay a higher rate to offset the risk.

Contact us to learn more about mortgage rates or to start your pre-approval process.